Essay on Eth125 Week 4 Quiz - 1027 Words

1. The largest ancestral group of European Americans is a. French. b. Irish. c. German. d. Norwegian. 2. Which of the following groups has always been considered White by the English? a. Irish. b. Germans. c. Swedes. d. none of these 3. The principle of third-generation interest states that a. the grandchildren of the original immigrants would have an increased interest in their ethnicity. b. the grandchildren of the original immigrants would have a decreased interest in their ethnicity. c. the children of immigrants would have more of an interest in their ethnicity than their children. d. none of these 4. The emphasis on ethnic foods and ethnically associated political issues was called __________ by†¦show more content†¦d. Mormon. 20. The maintenance of one’s ethnic ties in a way that can assist with assimilation in larger society is known as a. ethnicity paradox. b. assimilation paradox. c. religious paradox. d. Amish paradox. 21. The 1962 Supreme Court decision Engel v. Vitale ruled which of the following unconstitutional? a. Christmas displays in public schools b. teaching creationism c. certain religious activities in schools d. school prayer 22. Secessionist minorities are groups that a. reject assimilation. b. favor cultural pluralism. c. believe in a literal translation of the Bible. d. favor most of the values and beliefs of the dominant culture. 23. In 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that privately sponsored religious displays are permitted on public property if a. it is during the Christmas season. b. member of the local community vote for the displays. c. other forms of expression are permitted in the same location. d. there are no references to Jesus. 24. Privileged New Englanders once thought the Irish were worse than freed Blacks because a. the Irish were usually Protestants. b. Blacks â€Å"knew their place.† b. the Irish drank too much alcohol. d. they brought money and political power with them when they immigrated. 25. Upwardly mobile Irish were knownShow MoreRelatedEssay about Eth/125 Week 4 Quiz 21445 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Quiz 2 Week 4 Quiz - Ch. 5 Schaefer (2012) This is a multiple choice/short answer quiz and each item is worth 1.5 points for a total of 60 points. There is only one correct response for each numbered item, and you should use Schaefer (2012) to determine the best response. For multiple choice questions, type the letter of the correct answer next to the corresponding question number on the answer sheet. For short answer responses, type your answer next to the

Author Christopher Browning - 867 Words

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Christopher Browning is a historian on the holocaust and Nazi Germany. He is the Frank Porter Graham distinguished professor of history at the university of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. THE SUMMARY: Ordinary men take place during the summer of 1942 in the polish village of Jozefow. The book tells us the story of normal working family men of the Reserve Police Battalion 101 who were commission into carrying out horrific crimes and mass killings on Polish Jews. The main characters in the book are, Captain Wolfgan Haoffmann and Julius Wohlauf, Lieutennat Hartwig Gnade and Major Wilheln Trapp who was known by his men as â€Å"Papa Trapp† he is the commander of the Reserve 101 and was a protector for his men. The members were from a variety of ages and different walks of life they also weren’t representative of the model of Nazis. Their journey through the horrific orders and the circumstances they faced upon their return to domestic life. THE SOURCES: A. Primary sources: 1. Sergeant Toni Nentheim, description of the march of Jews. Browning, p. 81) 2. Walter Zimmermann makes distinctions between large and small executions. (Browning, p. 128) 3. Adolf Bittner’s opposition to the battalion’s jewish actions. (Browning, p. 129) B. Secondary sources: 1. Raul Hilberg The Destruction of the European Jews (Browning, p. xvi) 2. Nechama Tec. When Light Pierced the Darkness: Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland. (Browning, p.71) 3. John Dower, War WithoutShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Ordinary Men Essay1815 Words   |  8 Pagesrobots under Hitler’s command, and nothing else. While reading this book I began to realize that these people were living human beings too, that at first felt disgusted by what they were instructed to do too and that’s what I think the author, Christopher Browning, was trying to do. He is saying that these men were just regular people that were trained to kill and that if we’re not aware of this phenomena that it could happen again. The Order Police began after World War I. Germany wasRead MoreOrdinary Men Book Review Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesOrdinary Men Christopher Browning describes how the Reserve Police Battalion 101, like the rest of German society, was immersed in a flood of racist and anti-Semitic propaganda. Browning describes how the Order Police provided indoctrination both in basic training and as an ongoing practice within each unit. Many of the members were not prepared for the killing of Jews. The author examines the reasons some of the police members did not shoot. The physiological effect of isolation, rejection, andRead MoreChristopher Browning s Ordinary Men1241 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Browning is an American historian whose research mainly focuses on Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. Browning has been teaching about this specific field for thirty years, since 1974. He has published many different notable books in regards to Nazi Germany and the events that occurred during the time of the Holocaust. Some of the books written by Browning are, Remembering Survival: Inside a Nazi Slave Labor Camp (2010), The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office (1978), and NaziRead MoreWas German ‘Eliminationist Anti-Semitism Responsible for the Holocaust?832 Words   |  3 PagesNazi Party, played a vast role in the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust . Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, author of â€Å"The Paradigm Challenged,† believes that it did; and argues quite convincingly that ordinary German citizens were duplicitous either by their actions or inactions due to the deep-seeded nature of anti-Semitic sentiment in the country. On the other hand, Christopher R. Browning, who has extensively researched the Holocaust, argues that the arguments of Goldhagen leaves out significantRead MoreIncident by Countee Cullen1369 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem, â€Å"Incident† is a part of Cullens book called Color, which clearly portrays the racism shown among the blacks, even among the children. The transition from innocence to experience may also be seen in the poem My Last Duchess b y Robert Browning. It starts off with the innocence of a young child most likely riding on a subway who makes eye contact with another young boy on the same car. Though neither is described to be older or smaller than the other boy. Cullen goes on to say that fromRead More Ordinary Men by Browning Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesOrdinary Men by Browning The men of Reserve Police Battalion 101 were just ordinary men, from a variety of backgrounds, education, and age. It would appear that they were not selected by any force other than random chance. Their backgrounds and upbringing, however, did little to prepare these men for the horrors they were to witness and participate in. The group was made up of both citizens and career policemen. Major Wilhelm Trapp, a career policeman and World War I veteran headed the battalionRead MoreOrdinary Men2572 Words   |  11 PagesThe arguments that Christopher Browning emphasizes in Ordinary Men are based on his beliefs about the Holocaust. His argument touches base on the idea that regular citizens of Germany could commit such horrible acts without being coerced into doing so. He examines the side of the Reserve Police Battalion 101 and tries to figure out just why these gentlemen participated in the mass shootings and deportations of the Holocaust. In fact should these gentlemen even be called gentlemen enlight ofRead MoreEssay on The Four Periods of Literature1518 Words   |  7 Pagesperhaps some of the oldest communication methods used. There are four major literary time periods, the values of each of these, and their authors will be discussed. The first time period is authors who rejoiced in the basic joys of life. The next period saw authors realizing that life is short and must be enjoyed to the fullest. The third period influenced authors to begin taking new roads and creating literature that had never before existed. The fourth and final period in the discussion, men beganRead MoreCompare the way Goldhagen and Browning present the perpetrators of the Holocaust2061 Words   |  9 Pagesargument is the presentation of the perpetrators of the Holocaust as ordinary Germans who largely, willingly took part in the atrocities because of deeply held and violently strong anti-Semitic beliefs. This in many ways challenged earlier works like Christopher Browning’s â€Å"Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland† which arguably gives a more complex explanation for the motives of the perpetrators placing the emphasis on circumstance and pressure to conform. These differingRead MoreHy3 Personal Sources Pack1122 Words   |  5 Pagescontamination w ill not subside, this poisoning of the nation will not end, until the carrier himself, the Jew, has been banished from our midst. (Applause) Document No. 10 http://www.awesomestories.com/history/holocaust-evidence/hitlers-predictions. Author: Carole D. Bos, J.D. On October 25, 1941, Erhard Wetzel wrote to Heinrich Lohse recommending that the head of the euthanasia program (for killing mentally and physically handicapped Germans) should build gassing devices to eliminate the Jews.

Assisted Suicide †Introduction Free Essays

Introduction/Rationale â€Å"No person is entitled to consent to have death inflicted on him, and such consent does not affect the criminal responsibility of any person by whom death may be inflicted on the person by whom consent is given. †, this is according to the Indiana Code of Criminal Law and Procedure. In ancient days, assisted suicide was frequently seen as a way to preserve one’s honor. We will write a custom essay sample on Assisted Suicide – Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the past twenty-five years, on the other hand, the practice has been viewed as a response to the progress of modern medicine. New and often expensive medical technologies have been developed that prolong life. However, the technologies also prolong the dying processes, leading some people to question whether modern medicine is forcing patients to live in unnecessary pain when there is no chance they will be cured. Despite the changes in modern medicine, the attitudes toward assisted suicide in America’s courts and legislatures have not altered considerably. Debate over assisted suicide nearly always centers on the â€Å"slippery slope† argument. This argument holds that permitting one behavior will lead to a series of increasingly dangerous behaviors. Critics argue that if voluntary assisted suicide is legalized for competent, terminally ill adults, the acceptance of involuntary euthanasia for incompetent, elderly, or uninsured people will follow. Assisted-suicide advocates contend that the slippery-slope argument is fallacious. They argue that legalizing assisted suicide would not place patients’ right to life at risk because America is founded on democratic values that would ensure the rights of all citizens. Assisted Suicide is defined as an attempt to take one’s own life with the intentional assistance of another person. It is a form of euthanasia in which a person wishes to commit suicide but feels unable to perform the act alone because of a physical disability or lack of knowledge about the most effective means. An individual who assists a suicide victim in accomplishing that goal may or may not be held responsible for the death, depending on local laws. The participation of health professionals, especially physicians, in assisted suicide is controversial. Nowadays, assisted suicide is still debatable if it will be legalized or not. However, in Philippines, since it is a religious country. Assisted suicide remains prohibited for no one can take away one’s life except God and it is clearly stated in the Ten Commandments, ‘Thou shall not kill’. Assisted Suicide or Physician-assisted suicide has its proponents and its opponents. Among the opponents are some physicians who believe it violates the fundamental principle of medicine and believe that doctors should not assist in suicides because to do so is incompatible with the doctor’s role as a healer. Physician-assisted suicide is often abbreviated PAS. It is called doctor-assisted suicide in the UK. The debate over whether assisted suicide should be legalized in the United States—a nation considerably larger and more diverse than the Netherlands—is not likely to be resolved in the near future. People on both sides of the issue will undoubtedly pay close attention to developments in Oregon, and perhaps other states, in an effort to bolster their side of the slippery-slope argument. Body Many have argued that it would be worse, morally speaking, for health care professionals to engage in assisted suicide, than others because it would weaken the basic values of the health professions. Others argue that these values include providing relief from suffering and that there are rare times when death is the only means of achieving this goal. Germany actually accepts assisted suicide but is against euthanasia, largely because of the issue of patient control. If the patient is performing, the action that leads to death it is more likely that this was a voluntary choice for the patient. Thus, there is less risk of abuse. Many people thought that assisted suicide and euthanasia is the same but the truth is these two terms are completely different from the other. The main difference between assisted suicide and euthanasia is that in assisted suicide the patient is in complete control of the process that leads to death because he/she is the person who performs the act of suicide. The other person simply helps for example, providing the means for carrying out the action. In the US, only the State of Oregon permits assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act allows terminally ill state residents to receive prescriptions for self-administered lethal medications from their physicians. It does not ermit euthanasia, in which a physician or other person directly administers a medication to a patient in order to end his or her life. The Oregon law allows adults with terminal diseases who are likely to die within 6 months to obtain lethal doses of drugs from their doctors. A relatively very small number of people sought lethal drugs under the law and even fewer people who actually used them. Many patients have said that what they want most is a choice about how their lives will end, â€Å"a finger on the remote control, as it were. † Like for instance, the case of Diane, one of the patients of Dr. Timothy Quill. She was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and she was under Dr. Quill for a period of 8 years. Dr. Quill informed her of the diagnosis, and of the possible treatments. The series of treatments include multiple sessions of chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant, accompanied by an array of ancillary treatments, in which the rate of survival is only 25% and it is very hard to find a bone marrow donor that will perfectly match her bone marrow type. Upon knowing, she decided to control the time of her death and informed Dr. Quill so that she could avoid the loss of dignity and discomfort, which will proceed to her death. She called Dr. Quill for barbiturates complaining for her insomnia. Dr. Quill gave her a prescription of the amount to take to make her sleep and the amount she will take to commit suicide. Few days after, Diane called her friends including Dr. Quill and say goodbye. Two days after Diane took away her life after they met. This is an amazing example of a case study of an assisted suicide, which really shows the difference between assisted-suicide from euthanasia. Analysis/Author’s Discussion Approaching the problem of suffering among the dying through the lens of assisted suicide is like looking through the wrong end of binoculars; it narrows and distorts the view. My focus is in reducing the conditions that make assisted suicide seem an attractive alternative to patients facing the prospect of living with an incurable illness and to society struggling to care for the dying. Success will not come with making assisted suicide legal, but rather with making them unnecessary. According to Dr. Ira Byock, as a doctor, his commitment is to do everything possible and anything that is necessary to alleviate a person’s suffering. In the very rare situations in which physical distress is extreme, it is always possible to provide comfort through sedation. I firmly agree with Dr. Byock for the main role of a doctor is to save life and to heal the sick not to kill or take away people’s lives. The difference between what Dr. Byock do from euthanasia is that palliative care does whatever is necessary to alleviate the suffering while euthanasia is focused on eliminating the sufferer. As a Catholic, being a tool to take away one’s life is a mortal sin and assisted suicide was never accepted as a legal practice here in Philippines. But for me, I disagree in the practice of assisted suicide and it will always be wrong to help in taking away people’s lives no matter what the reason it will be. Still assisted suicide remains debatable and still a lot of cases are still on-going. Conclusion Assisted suicide brings out some of the deepest feelings amongst human beings. It is a hard decision that nobody wishes to take, and is the power over life and death. Is killing a terminally ill patient justifiable? Who determines the worth of one’s life? God or human? The answer to this question varies, as there are many points of view to this controversial issue. Thus, assisted suicide is a form of suicide, which involves a person other than the person taking his or her own life. And during which the other person assists in direct or indirect physical means in giving effect to the suicide or, in the event of a statutory definition, in a manner as set out in that statute. The right to assisted suicide is a significant topic that concerns people all over the world. The debates go back and forth, about whether a dying patient has the right to die with assistance of a physician or other person. Some are against it because of religious and moral reasons. Others are for it because of their compassion and respect for the dying. Some physicians and Christians are also divided on the issue. They differ where they place the line that separates relief from dying and killing. Those among us, who think we would want assisted suicide if we were sick, should ask ourselves whether that is also what we would want for our lover, sister, brother, or child who was incurably ill. Would we want them to die quickly, so that they would not become a burden to us? If not, we need to look deeply into what â€Å"success† would look like in this time of living we call dying. Recommendations †¢I acclaim not to legalized assisted suicide for as a Christian, to help in taking away one’s life is always a mistake. Since our role as a steward of the earth is to preserve our lives. †¢We expect physicians to heal and preserve life, not to kill on request. I want to be able to trust my doctor to do what is best for me in every situation by not doing illegal stuffs like assisting suicide. †¢ Since, assisted suicide is a moral issue, I recommend that it has to be resolved on the basis of principles we use to deal with every other question about right and wrong, not a special case. Depression, when present, should be treated. I endorse that patients should be given sufficient time and counseling to enable them to make sure their decision represents their deepest wishes. But at some point we have to decide whether patients are to be permitted to be the authors of their own destiny or not. †¢The option of â€Å"self – deliveranceâ₠¬  should not be taken for granted for some might take advantage of it especially the mentally ill people who would grab the opportunity to decide when to end their lives. Bibliography: http://medical-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/assisted+suicide http://www. duhaime. org/LegalDictionary/A/AssistedSuicide. aspx Criminal Code of Canada, Revised Statutes of Canada 1985, Chapter C-46 http://www. dyingwell. org http://www. pages. drexel. edu/~cp28/euth1. htm http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Physician-Assisted-Suicide-Case-Study/38054 The Ethics of Assisted Death: When Life Becomes a Burden too Hard to Bear (Lima, OH: CSS Publishing Co. , 1999). http://www. enotes. com/assisted-suicide-article How to cite Assisted Suicide – Introduction, Papers

Why Marshall Plan And The Berlin Airlift Blockade Important

Question: Describe the condition of Europe after World War II. Answer: Introduction After World War II, Cold War came up as the biggest military and political tension between the powers of Western and Eastern countries. The Western Bloc included United States and its NATO allies, while the Eastern part was the Soviet Union and its allies. The historians have not completely agreed on the time period of Cold War, but it is considered during the period of 1947 till 1991. The term cold is associated with this historical event because there was large scale struggle between the two sides. Though, during that period there were many proxy wars happened in the regional communities of both sides[1]. The Marshall Plan of the year 1947 and the Berlin Blockade in the year 1948 have been considered as significant episodes in the evolution of Cold War. However, it is very important to understand the preconditions that made these two controversial affairs as the key factors. The essay aims to find out the key actors that made Marshall Plan and Berlin Blockade as the major factors responsible for the evolution of Cold War. Condition of Europe after World War II After the end of Second World War, Europe was left in the devastated condition. There was a critical economic downfall in Europe. Millions of people had been killed in the war, while many of them were wounded. The major cities of Europe were ruined and it was in great need of economic reform[2]. The war had affected the agriculture and destruction was so high that many of the Europeans could not have enough food. The transportation system and infrastructure were greatly harmed, which led to many problems.[3] The destruction was extensive in major parts of the continent. There was scarcity of food, raw material due to which production was affected. The problem of displaced people and refugees had also increased. In Eastern Europe the victory was celebrated, the continent was in terrible state. Some of the historians believed that not only Europe, but the whole world was affected and other nations were also worried about their security[4]. According to, Melvyn P. Leffker, the political, social and economic instabilities in the Europe were the reason behind the formation of President Trumans Marshall Plan and was followed by the Berlin Blockade[5]. The Marshall Plan According to the historians and scholars, Berlin Blockade is considered to be the major crisis caused by the tension of Cold War. The reference of this could be seen in the works of Louis Halle and George Kennan. However it is arguable that tension between both the countries had decreased in the year 1945.[6] The fear of communalism was worsened in Europe after World War II. The communist parties were gaining popularity in the Western Europe and it was believed that if living conditions are not improved, communist leaders will be elected[7]. This was the situation, which alarmed the Americans, who wanted to save themselves from the threat of communism. Thus in June 1947 the plan to help Europe to rebuild was announced. Marshall Plan was meant to help the war-torn Europe to rebuild itself. This plan was implemented in the year 1948 till 1951. The sixteen European countries were aided through Marshall Plan; this was done in order to help the countries economically so that they can overcome from the destruction of war. Officially, this plan was called as ERP, which means European Recovery Plan.[8] This program was named after the United States Secretary of States George C. Marshall, as he had played an important role in forming this plan. George F. Kennan also played a vital role in instrumentation of this program[9]. Thirteen million dollars were given to Europe under Marshall Law. The aid was provided in the form of food supplies, machinery, fuels and other necessities. The most substantial amount of aid was given to France, Great Britain and West Germany. It could also be said that France and Great Britain were the closest allies of America during the war and thus America wanted to make these count ries prosperous[10]. The offer of Marshall Plan was open for Eastern European nations and USSR, but it was rejected by Stalin stating that this aid was politically motivated. Stalin believed that America is trying to win people, who live in Soviet sphere so that those people will support the Western bloc[11]. Marshall Plan helped in fast recovery of Europe[12]. And, in very short span of time the living standards of people had been improved with eradication of extreme poverty. The Marshall Plan was successful in reducing the influence of Communist parties in the Western Europe.[13] The Soviet Union was frustrated and considered it as the anti-communist move by America. Thus, Marshall Plan created tension between East and West and world was persuaded with the new political clash between America and Soviet Union. Thus, Marshall Plan made the Cold War a reality for the people of both the countries.[14] Another major event that led to tension between East and West was the use of atomic bomb over Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This event broke down the remaining relations between Soviet Union and United States. Thus Marshal Plan had played a substantial role in the evolution of cold war. The Truman Doctrine also increased the agitation between both the powers. This doctrine stated that America should support the countries and government, which are non-communist and facing attacks by the communist movements under their boundaries or are under the threat of being invaded by the communist countries.[15] This was considered as the proxy war against Soviet Union. Under Truman Doctrine the aid of four hundred billion dollars was given to Greece and Turkey. This money greatly helped the Greek government to fight against the communist rebels and also worked as warning sing for the Soviet Union to stay away from Turkey. American politics and relation with USSR were highly affected due to Marshall Law followed by Truman Doctrine and the struggle remained between two countries for 40 long years of Cold War. The desire behind the Marshall Plan was to eradicate communism from the Eastern Europe because the capitalist West believed that devastation of Europe pos World War II would be the benefit for the USSR to create its extension.[16] Berlin Blockade The Germany was divided between the Western allies and Soviet Union, same way the city of Berlin was also divided. The Eastern half of the Berlin was under the control of Soviet Union, while Western half was controlled by French, British and Americans. The city of Berlin was under the Soviet half of Germany, thus the allied controlled parts of the city were entirely cut off. In order to have the entire Berlin under their control, the Soviet power started dragging the American forces out of their territory[17]. In the June 1948, the Soviets started blocking the Western allies by restricting canals, roads, railway, and traffic between the western and the eastern sectors of Berlin.[18] The food shipments were also stopped and electricity of Western Berlin was cut off. Due to this situation, the Western Berlin was becoming isolated. This situation was called as Berlin Blockade. The situation of the people in Western Berlin became very traumatic as they had no access to the outside world. The Soviet Union put forward the condition, that they would remove the blockade, if the Western allies would withdrew the newly formed Deutsche mark from the West Berlin.[19] The people even feared that this situation will lead to World War III. When all the efforts of diplomacy failed to show any signs of improvement, United States organized a new plan, which was called as Berlin airlift. The Western allies sent plans carrying food supplies and other things to the people in Western Berlin. Approximately 200,000 flights were flown in one year to supply food and fuel to the people[20]. More than seven hundred aircrafts were used during the airlift. The Soviets did not interrupt between the airlifts, as they feared that this will lead to open war between the two powers. Thus, according to the Western allies, airlifting was the best way to oppose the Berlin Blockade.[21] Thus Berlin Blockade also became n important factor in the evolution of cold war between America and Soviet Union. After the World War II, Berlin Blockade was considered as the first major crisis that paved the path for the Cold War. This crisis was the result of occupation policies between Soviet Union and America[22]. At the end of the Second World War, the future of Germany was in danger due to the division. The decision of division of the zones of occupation was the only significant choice according to wartime planning. Even after the end of War, the issue of Germany was not resolved and was not effectively stated in the Potsdam Conference in the year 1945. There was no stability and reliability among the leaders of Britain and America. The results of occupational policy were also not foreseen. The population of two and a half billion people in Berlin was divided between the four occupation zones. The people faced profound destruction; with allied bombing, the city was turned into ruins and economic life of people was under the dark shadow[23]. Still, caught up in such situation, Berlin played an important role in the struggle against Soviet Union. Soviets had the threat that there economy might fall and thus they did the Blockade. Stalin believed that by seizing the control over the Western allied Berlin they could protect themselves.[24] Thus, the three major reasons that resulted in the Berlin Blocked were the creation of Marshall Plan for the rebuilding of the ruined Europe, The conference of London in spring and winter of 1948 and London program that called for the currency reform in West Germany.[25] The blockade had increased the tension between the two powers. Blockade was finally ended by the Soviets in the year 1949 after the counter measures applied by the West with continued ban over process of exports from the Eastern bloc[26]. The city of Berlin had become the forfeit in the play of power, politics, propaganda and ideologies. The Russians lose their interest in East German when Socialist Unity Party lost the elections to Social Democrats in the year 1946.[27] Berlin Blockade became a significant episode in the evolution of Cold War, as the decision to isolate Berlin could have turned into a big military conflict.[28] It did not change into the big war due to the international environment post Second World War. As, in this environment a big war would have not been in the favor of Soviet Union as well as for America. The administration of Truman was not ready to start a new war, so they decided that use military will not be right. Thus, the airlift was done.[29] In the year 1950, the invasion of Korea also intensified the tensions of Cold War. According to S.J. Ball that is invasion symbolize how close the Cold War came to hot war.[30] Though, it can be said the before Berlin Blockade, the conflict between America and Soviet Union had been fuelled. The combination of the three major reasons further increased the agitation. And, thus Berlin Blockade became a major crisis for the Cold War[31]. Conclusion Cold War is one of the significant events of the War history. Cold War was the situation that included military and political conflicts between Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc. This was also the result of the post Second World War tension. The cold war between United States and Soviet Union lasted for many years. This led into intensifying the tension between the two powers and a series of international events that closely affected the whole world. There being no large scale fights, still resulted in many proxy wars[32]. The Nazi Germany was left behind and the two new supreme powers of the world were United States and Soviet Union. Both the powers had great political and economic differences, which led to prolonged war between them. The formation of Marshall Plan program was done to rebuild Europe, which has suffered great destruction in the Second World War. After the end of the war, Europe was completely devastated and ruined. People did not have enough to eat and economy had fallen greatly. Marshall Plan provided the aid of thirteen billion dollars to Western Europe, to rebuild them. The aid was provided in the form of food supplies, fuel, machineries etc. The aim of America behind creating Marshall Plan was to bring economic and political stability in the continent and to stop communism. This program resulted in reducing the communist influence. The Soviets were angered by this program and thus this agitation resulted in Berlin Blockade. The city of Berlin was divided in four occupation zones. The Eastern part of Berlin was under the control of Soviet Union. By the London conference in the year 1948, Soviets feared that there economy will fall with currency reform of Western Berlin. Thus, they blocked Western Berlin by making it isolated, through cutting electricity, blocking roads and railways and even water canals. Thus Americans have to take the action of Berlin Airlift to provide supplies to the isolated population of Western Berlin. The Soviets were humiliated by the success of the airlift and thus end the blockade[33]. Thus it is correct to say that Marshall Plan and Berlin Blockade were the significant events in the evolution of Cold War. Bibliography Autio-Sarasmo, S., 2012. Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, eds, The Cambridge History of the Cold War.European History Quarterly,42(1), pp.174-177. Daniloff, N., 2012. David E. Hoffman, The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy. New York: Doubleday, 2009. 577 pp.Journal of Cold War Studies,14(1), pp.129-132. Friedman, N., 2001. The fifty year war: Conflict and strategy in the cold war.The RUSI Journal,146(3), pp.20-25. Gaddis, J.L., 1978.Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: an interpretive history(pp. 94-95). New York: Wiley. Gaddis, J.L., 1997. We now know.New York: Oxford UP. Haslam, J., 2011.Russia's Cold War: from the October Revolution to the fall of the wall. Yale University Press. Heller, H., 2006.The Cold War and the new imperialism: A global history, 1945-2005. Monthly Review Pr. House, J.M., 2012.A Military History of the Cold War, 1944-1962. University of Oklahoma Press. Hopkins, M.F., 2007. Continuing debate and new approaches in Cold War history.The Historical Journal,50(04), pp.913-934. Isaac, J. and Bell, D. eds., 2012.Uncertain empire: American history and the idea of the Cold War. Oxford University Press. Johnston, G., 2010. Revisiting the Cultural Cold War.Social History,35(3), pp.290-307. Judge, E.H. and Langdon, J.W., 2011.The Cold War: A Global History with Documents. Prentice Hall. Lewis, G.J., 2005. The Cold War: A New History. Leffler, M.P., 1992.A preponderance of power: National security, the Truman administration, and the cold war. Stanford University Press. Lthi, L.M., 2010.The Sino-Soviet split: Cold War in the communist world. Princeton University Press. McKenzie, F., 1999. SJ Ball, The Cold War: An International History, 1947-1991.Canadian Journal of History,34(1). Makhotina, E. and Applebaum, A., 2013. Iron Curtain. The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 19441956. McMahon, R., 2003. The Cold War: A Very Short History. Miller, R.G., 2000.To save a city: The Berlin airlift, 1948-1949(Vol. 68). Texas AM University Press. Sakwa, R., 2005.The rise and fall of the Soviet Union. Routledge. J. Ball, 1998,The Cold War: An International History 1947-1991, (London) Smith, J. and Davis, S., 2005.The A to Z of the Cold War(Vol. 8). Scarecrow Press. Stone, N., 2010.The Atlantic and Its Enemies: A Personal History of the Cold War. Basic Books. Tucker, S.C. and Roberts, P.M., 2007. The Encyclopedia of the Cold War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 5 Volume Set. Vojtech, M., 1996. The Cold War and Soviet Insecurity. The Stalin Years. Wettig, G., 2008.Stalin and the Cold War in Europe: the emergence and development of East-West conflict, 1939-1953. Rowman Littlefield. Wiener, J., 2012.How we forgot the Cold War: a historical journey across America. Univ of California Press. Zubok, V.M., 2009.A failed empire: the Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev. Univ of North Carolina Press.